Ontology, epistemology and methodology in information system Article

Ontology, epistemology and methodology in information system researches - Article Example93), ontology was considered to be the sight of the categories of things that exist or may exist in or so playing field. Moreover, he states that the product of an ontology is a compile of the types of things that are assumed to exist in a domain of interest D from the billet of a person who uses a language L for the purpose of talking about D. He adds that predicates, reciprocation senses, or concept and relation types of the language L are represented by the different types in the ontology in cases when these are used to leave a discussion of the topics in the domain D (Sowa, 1993). Viinikkala (2003) defined ontology as an aged branch of philosophy, the purpose of which is to establish the lawfulness about reality by respondent the persistent inquiry of what exists. Furthermore, she shares Sowas goal of ontology which is to provide an objective verbal description of reality and any do main of objects (Viinikkala, 2003, p. 3). Table 1. Common elements in the philosophic definition of ontology Gruber Sowa Viinikkala What is ontology? explicit specification of a conceptualization study of the categories of things that exist or may exist in some domain branch of philosophy that establishes truth about reality Goal provide specification for a representation of a world catalog of the types of things that are assumed to exist in a domain of interest provide an objective description of reality and any domain of objects 2.1.1 objectiveness philosophy In a philosophical sense, objectivity is accept in an issue on the basis of what can be said in favor of, and against, its truth, without move any bearing on whether one would prefer to believe the truth or not (Yandell, 1999, p. 15). Objectivity does not require for one to have any amount of feeling for the belief to be true... This paper states that the increasing interest in the subject of ontology, epistemology, and methodology in information system researches is brought about by their across-the-board applicability in the domains of information systems analysis and design (ISAD). As information systems are much representations of real-world phenomena and scenarios, it is considered an important thrust to accurately and appropriately identify the entities that need to be represented and, essentially, how these should be represented. Because of the extensive applicability of ontology and, consequently, those of epistemology and methodology, it would serve the field well if these concepts and other constructs pertaining to them are properly defined. Since different sources may provide a variety of different definitions for these terms, it will be wise to draw out the commonalities from these definitions. Moreover, it is wise to argumentation that the definitions for these concepts are presented differently on a philosophical level, as compared with those on a technical or practical level. These differences should be noted as well in order to better unify these philosophical and practical meanings. The concepts of ontology, epistemology, and methodology are gaining extensive applicability in the information systems. While there are, to an extent, some similarities between the definitions of these concepts in a philosophical sense and when used in information system, a walk-to(prenominal) look at how these concepts are applied in the information system reveals certain significant differences.

The Transformation of the Social Sphere Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Transformation of the Social Sphere - Essay ExampleIt also kept the oecumenic population informed on current affairs, helped the educational system and provided literature to entertain the people. The next biggest stratagem that impacted mass media was the radio. The radio united humans by adding the cognitive element of being up to(p) to hear additional communicative elements such as vocal inflexion as information travelled through radio waves into peoples homes. This influence was itself rendered nearly obsolete with the invention of film and television. The latest specialty that surged at the end of the 20th century to rival the influence of the television has been the introduction of the desktop computer and general access to the internet. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect the mass media had on the temporal and spatial institution of the affectionate sphere.It is helpful to start with a common conception of what is meant when referring to the spatial an d temporal foundations of the social sphere. The spatial dimension refers to the physical space that separates humans in different parts of the world in monetary value of geographical location. Spatial structure is now seen not merely as an atomic number 18na in which social life unfolds, but rather as a medium in which social relations are produced and reproduced (Pries, 2002, p. 2), such as the virtual spaces of the television and the computer screen. Mass media also extends the space of experience because it provides a greater accessibility to a variety of information and places (Carpignano, 1997). In addition, it can bridge the gap amid spatial linguistic barriers such as those that exist within the Peoples Republic of China, where regional dialects prevent oral communication between regions. Because all literate Chinese share a equal written language, though, mass media enables these regions of China to communicate. Mass media has changed the way people have perceived the world for the put up 500 years. It has impacted the behaviour of human beings through technological advances such as the television by altering their daily patterns of activity and the established means of communicating important cultural values and ideas among members of a society. However, with new technologies, some of the necessary interaction may return to these cultural interactions as they become much real-time and enable individuals to not only hear the vocal inflexions of the individual they are speaking with but also visualize their facial features and other symbols of a physical presence through the virtual medium of the video screen.

Why I believe NBC's new show, The Blacklist, is the number one show on Essay

Why I believe NBCs brand-new immortalise, The blacklist, is the government issue one show on television - Essay ExampleIn December 2013, NBC renewed the show by ordering a twenty two episode second season.The Blacklist has been able to enforce its marketing strengths to position itself in the market. In the entertainment industry, particularly the film and serial sector, marketing is a challenging and dynamic function of business. Fortunately, the issue of marketing and positioning was non challenging because of the brilliance of the actors, scriptwriters and producers of the show. The series is able to capture the mood of its audience, in addition to using the popular actors such as Boone and Spader.2 The head power and sly wit of the lead actor Mr. Spader has helped The Blacklist to become a top rated new television crime and drama show.The Voice, which preceded The Blacklist, was able pull 12 million viewers for the new show. The Blacklist did not have a problem looking for a new audience. The show only had to take the entertainment needs of the 12 million viewers.3 A range of factors played a crucial position in the marketing and positioning victory of The Blacklist. The creators of the show were strategic about the factors they could control. The producers made wide ranging decisions that helped in the marketing of the show. From the production and casting of the main actors to the scope of the show, the creators made strategic decisions that would contribute to the marketing success of the show.One of the marketing strategies used by the creators was to use Mr. Spader as the lead actor. He injected humor that was not prominent in the written dialogues. Mr. Spader also helped in the invention of exciting words such as the blacklist. Word play and humor helped in taking off the edge, in addition to eliminating any(prenominal) potential accusations of melodrama. The positioning strategy that the creators and NBC executives used was pairing the sho w with The Voice. The Voice attracted an average viewership of approximately 15 million viewers. With the

Research paper - international relations Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

- international relations - seek Paper ExampleBecause china contendes nuclear modernization program is expected to continue, its second-generation nuclear array depart be deployed over the next 10-15 years as a more mobile, reliable and spotless tug then it currently is. (Keylor, 2001) These nuclear achievements in the mainland China continue to cause great misgiving within the international system. This is incidently because uncertainty exists about mainland Chinas nuclear capabilities and strategic intentions. However, it will be proven that although many factors support Chinas nuclear capabilities as posing a threat to the international system, the PRC does not to intend to harm the world, as it is relatively a depleted nuclear power with rational security concerns ands sound interests in maintaining world peace . Deterrence against Chinas Principle Enemy As a result of its unpleasant history, the Chinese have peculiarly viewed its principal enemy, the United States wit h suspicion. The United States has and continues to threaten the mainland on many counts. During and after the Korean War the U.S. endanger to use nuclear weapons against China. Washington had actually deployed nuclear-armed B-29 bombers to Guam in 1951 for possible use against the PRC. (Leo, 2002) Again, in 1954-55 Beijing was be by the use of possible nuclear weapons by the U.S. over the off shore islands of Quemoy and Matsu held by Taiwan. Apparently, the nuclear card held by the United States incessantly reinforced its superpower leverage during times of crisis. (Garwin, and. Panofsk, 1998) Thus it was needful for China to become a nuclear power in order to not only hamper constant interference or nuclear bullying by the United States, but also to incessantly guarantee national independence. As a result, since the mid-1950s, China has strived to develop a modest nuclear force to satisfy the following objectives, secure a retaliatory capability in case of nuclear war deter su perpower or other outside aggression demonstrate Chinas international power and reinforce her pride . Establish Hegemony in Far East Asia By attaining nuclear weapons, Chinas ability to establish hegemony in Asia would increase, as it also becomes a great power in the modern world. Because the Chinese government has been influenced by the inheritance of a mandate from heaven, the PRC already considers herself to be at the center of the world. Now that China has attained nuclear capabilities, she can make implicit threats of array action against her neighbors as she establishes hegemony in her orbit in the Far East (Halperin, 1965). Protecting China from orthogonal Intervention The Peoples Republic of Chinas goal is to protect her territorial equity and political independence in the face of foreign encroachments and domestic disorder. Both Communist and Non-Communist China specially agree to maintain and preserve Chinas sovereignty in the outlying regions of Sinkiang, Tibet and i n particular Taiwan because they have become major targets of foreign encroachment during the present nuclear age. For example, Russia had once essay to gain Sinkiang, while Great Britain and India jointly brought Tibet under their influence. Moreover, presently, China suspects that Washington and Japan together image to establish two Chinas or one China and one Taiwan threatening to menace PRCs integrity, and bringing insult to Chinese national pride. Two Attempts at Nuclear

To what extent did French avant-garde groupings in the 1880s coalesce Essay

To what extent did French avant-garde groupings in the 1880s coalesce around exhibitions - stress ExampleThe phrase modern trick first used by Joris-Karl Huysmans in a make title to delineate the subject matter of several paintings represented in the book in1883. The Anglo-Irish novelist, George Moore followed this in this book, new-made Painting. It was about this time that the critic Theodore Duret, who used it of certain young painters, introduced the term avant-garde (Wood 1999, pp. 7-33). Subsequently, modernity became the focal point for artists and critics, alike. How Impressionism triggered avant-garde groupings The period of 1860-1880 witnessed an undeniable transformation in the aesthetic perspective as the focus of paintings shifted to the depiction of everyday reality and fashions (Wood 1999, p. 113). Determined to present illustrations of modern life in both, urban and rural areas, the Impressionists pioneered this change by creating snapshots of everyday life. The war developed new urgency and hope in the progressive artists born in the 1880s. There was unanimity amongst the generation that Europe had been endowed a turn chance Salinger 1957, 117 Wood 1999, pp. 28 Wood 1999, p. 113 thereby, a new order should be established (Hungerford 1989). Impressionism, a revolutionary movement in painting followed by music, emerged at the end of the nineteenth century in France. Impressionist paintings can be traced back to the period of 1867-1886 to a party of artists with common approaches, philosophies, and methodologies in art (Huyghe 1973, p. 90). They tried to translate their observations into the paintings by attempting to recreate the manifold and animated results of sunlight and shadows from direct and reflected light. One of the close to integral development out of this style was the reproduction of objects out of discrete flecks and dabs of matching or contrasting colours to evoke the broken-hued marvels and distinguishing hued created by s unlight and its reflections (Callen 1982, p. 187). Lastly, conventional formal compositions were replaced by more casual and slight artificial disposition of depicted objects. The Impressionists in portraying landscapes, houses, trees, and even urban streets employed these novel-painting techniques (Callen 2000, p. 245). As the middle 1880s approached, the Impressionists began to dissolve as every painter craved to pursue his personal aesthetic interests and principles. Nonetheless, in its short-lived existence, it categorically revolutionized art, paving the way for postimpressionist artists like Edgar take away, Vincent van Gogh, Georges Seurat to be free from all conventional western paintings and methodologies and interpretation of subject matter. Aftermath Impressionism was the first avant-garde in art, which paved the way for contemporary or modern art. Undeniably, the impressionists motivated novel Hungerford 1989, 73 Huyghe, 1973, 90 Callen, 1982, 187 Callen, 2000, 245 a pproaches, perspectives, notions amongst subsequent artists (Ward 1996, p. 168). It was the result of their relentless scramble and perseverance, that the Salons official foothold in the world of art was questioned. Undoubtedly, painters such as Monet, Renoir, Pissaro, and Degas encouraged new art movements, for instance, Post-impressionism, Fauvism, Cubism (Rewald 1978, p. 312). In 1886, following the official death of Impressionists, post-impressionism was born. Before these movements, the Impressionis

MKT Unit 4 Individual Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

MKT Unit 4 Individual Project - Research Paper ExampleThe workplace will deal with the introduction of a new online product known as commonalty which works as internet currency course of study and enables smooth financial transactions between buyers and sellers. The author of the study has highlighted various innovative methods of marketing concepts for Common and make it one of the most saleable and profitable products all over the world. The main objective of the study would be to highlight the various dimensions of Common and its related marketing concepts. A unique marketing architectural plan would be created for Common that would enable to attract potential customers for a particular segment which believe in online purchasing and selling. One of the prime objectives of the study would be to highlight the product characteristics and features that would enable the reader to interpret the innovative concept of digitalized transaction and its benefits. Finally, the study woul d conclude with the various marketing strategies that would enable the successful marketing of Common internet currency program. ... The prime objective of Common would be to enable fast electronic money and fund transfer for the online buying of products and conversion of money into digitalized currency. The sole purpose behind the foundation of such an online platform would be to address the needs and concerns of the customers who believe in performing online transactions and excessively help in providing customers security and confidentiality while performing online transactions (Forex, 2013a). Common will also hear to address the gaps that exist between the customers performing the online and offline transactions. The main objective would always be to provide a smooth financial service and also highlight the various concepts which help in facilitating intensive and great data. The maintenance and service offerings would directly depend upon the research market offerings an d the proper maintenance of the customer accounts. It also helps in facilitating transactions between financial institutions such as banks, insurance for investment purposes which help in enhancement of the technical and business expertise. The strategic mission of the company would be to develop a customized online platform which would help in catering to the needs and development of the customers making online and offline transactions (Forex, 2013a). Target Market Although, at that place is no specific customer segment pited for the internet currency platform it is assumed that the customers who are non familiar with the technological concepts and methods are not targeted for the customers. The platform would enable micro, gaming virtual currencies, offer establish and mobile payment (FDBC, 2011).It would also facilitate online trading and domestic payment. The marketing department of Common would target customers aged

A new technology that is revolutionizing the healthcare with examples Essay

A new technology that is revolutionizing the healthcargon with examples from journals or magazines - Essay ExampleRecently, hospitals around the world have escalated the intent of 3-D printer technology in medical activities ranging from 3-D printing of an entire skull to rehearsing extremely confused surgeries. With the aid of 3-D printing technology, a group of researchers in US and China has printed various models of tumors which are cancerous to assist in the discovery of anti-cancer drugs. 3-D printing technology has also helped doctors in the mind of how tumors grow, spread and more importantly, what make the tumors to develop (Ventola, 2014).With 3-D printing, cell abridgment is considerably easy. Cell summary is done by fabricating cells. Cell fabrication involves protecting cells with hydrogel for analysis. Essentially, when cells are in the body, they are never two-dimensional. As a result, they lose a lot of functionalities when they are placed on a flat dish for an alysis. To protect cells from losing their functionality, they are put in hydrogel and then the structures of the cell are printed using 3-D technology. With these structures, analysis of cells is considerable accessible which make it easy to diagnose complicated ailments (Ventola, 2014).In conclusion, with this technology, quality health headache can be guaranteed. Many medical institutions and governmental agencies today have fully understood the benefits that are derived from the use of this technology. This paper has discussed 3-D printing as the new technology that is revolutionizing health